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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 1

The Book of Genesis

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Chapter 2

1: Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.

2: And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
Heb 4:4

3: And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.

4: These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,

5: And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.

6: But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.

7: And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a livingsoul.
1 Cor 15:45

8: And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

9: And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, andgood for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

10: And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.

11: The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;

12: And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.

13: And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.

14: And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

15: And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.

16: And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:

17: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.

18: And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.

19: And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called everyliving creature, that was the name thereof.

20: And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found anhelp meet for him.

21: And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;

22: And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.

23: And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was takenout of Man.

24: Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
Mt 19:5 Mark 10:7 1 Cor 6:16 Eph 5:31

25: And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
Genesis 3

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