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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 6

The Book of Genesis

Main Page

Chapter 7

1: And the LORD said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation.

2: Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female.

3: Of fowls also of the air by sevens, the male and the female; to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth.

4: For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have made will I destroy fromoff the face of the earth.

5: And Noah did according unto all that the LORD commanded him.

6: And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth.

7: And Noah went in, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him, into the ark, because of the waters of the flood.

8: Of clean beasts, and of beasts that are not clean, and of fowls, and of every thing that creepeth upon the earth,

9: There went in two and two unto Noah into the ark, the male and the female, as God hadcommanded Noah.

10: And it came to pass after seven days, that the waters of the flood were upon the earth.

11: In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.

12: And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
13: In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife, andthe three wives of his sons with them, into the ark;

14: They, and every beast after his kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind, and every fowl after his kind, every bird of every sort.

15: And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein is the breath of life.

16: And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him:and the LORD shut him in.

17: And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth.

18: And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the face of thewaters.

19: And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered.

20: Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered.

21: And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man:

22: All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land,died.

23: And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark.

24: And the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days.
Genesis 8

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