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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 8

The Book of Genesis

Main Page

Chapter 9

1: And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth.

2: And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, upon all that moveth upon the earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hand are they delivered.

3: Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given you all things.

4: But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat.

5: And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the handof every man's brother will I require the life of man.

6: Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.

7: And you, be ye fruitful, and multiply; bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein.

8: And God spake unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying,

9: And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you;

10: And with every living creature that is with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you; from all that go out of the ark, to every beast of theearth.

11: And I will establish my covenant with you, neither shall all flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth.

12: And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations:

13: I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth.

14: And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud:

15: And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh;and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh.

16: And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth.

17: And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which I have established between me and all fleshthat is upon the earth.

18: And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan.

19: These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread.

20: And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard:

21: And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

22: And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.

23: And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness oftheir father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.

24: And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him.

25: And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.

26: And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

27: God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

28: And Noah lived after the flood three hundred and fifty years.

29: And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years: and he died.
Genesis 10

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