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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 10

The Book of Genesis

Main Page

Chapter 11

1: And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

2: And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.

3: And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And theyhad brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.

4: And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.

5: And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded.

6: And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.

7: Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.

8: So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.

9: Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

10: These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood:

11: And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

12: And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah:

13: And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

14: And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber:

15: And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

16: And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg:

17: And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters.

18: And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu:
19: And Peleg lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters.

20: And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug:

21: And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons anddaughters.

22: And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor:

23: And Serug lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

24: And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah:

25: And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters.

26: And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

27: Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot.

28: And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees.

29: And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram's wife was Sarai; andthe name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah,and the father of Iscah.

30: But Sarai was barren; she had no child.

31: And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son's son, and Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram's wife; and theywent forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan;and they came unto Haran, and dwelt there.

32: And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran.
Genesis 12

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