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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 28

The Book of Genesis

Main Page

Chapter 29

1: Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land of the people of the east.

2: And he looked, and behold a well in the field, and, lo, there were three flocks of sheep lying by it; for out of that well they watered the flocks: and a great stone was upon the well's mouth.

3: And thither were all the flocks gathered: and they rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone again upon the well's mouth in his place.

4: And Jacob said unto them, My brethren, whence be ye? And they said, Of Haran are we.

5: And he said unto them, Know ye Laban the son of Nahor? And they said, We know him.

6: And he said unto them, Is he well? And they said, He is well: and, behold, Rachel his daughter cometh with thesheep.

7: And he said, Lo, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the cattle should be gathered together: water ye the sheep, and go and feed them.

8: And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered together, and till they roll the stone from the well's mouth; then we water the sheep.

9: And while he yet spake with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for she kept them.

10: And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's brother.

11: And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept.

12: And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's brother, and that he was Rebekah's son: and she ran and told her father.

13: And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embracedhim, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all thesethings.

14: And Laban said to him, Surely thou art my bone and my flesh. And he abode with him the space of a month.

15: And Laban said unto Jacob, Because thou art my brother, shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought? tell me, what shall thy wages be?

16: And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.

17: Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favored.

18: And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

19: And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that I should give her to another man: abide with me.

20: And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her.

21: And Jacob said unto Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in unto her.

22: And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast.

23: And it came to pass in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and he went in unto her.

24: And Laban gave unto his daughter Leah Zilpah his maid for an handmaid.

25: And it came to pass, that in the morning, behold, it was Leah: and he said to Laban, What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I serve with thee for Rachel? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me?

26: And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give the younger before the firstborn.

27: Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service which thou shalt serve with me yet seven other years.

28: And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week: and he gave him Rachel his daughter to wife also.

29: And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid.

30: And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.

31: And when the LORD saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel was barren.

32: And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Surely the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; now therefore my husband will love me.

33: And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the LORD hath heard I was hated, he hath therefore given me this son also: and she called his name Simeon.

34: And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time will my husband be joined unto me, because I haveborn him three sons: therefore was his name called Levi.

35: And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his nameJudah; and left bearing.
Genesis 30

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