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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Genesis 38

The Book of Genesis

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Chapter 39

1: And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captainof the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmaelites, whichhad brought him down thither.

2: And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian.

3: And his master saw that the LORD was with him, and that the LORD made all that he did to prosper in his hand.

4: And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand.

5: And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that the LORD blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake; and the blessing of the LORD was upon all that he had in the house, and in the field.

6: And he left all that he had in Joseph's hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favored.

7: And it came to pass after these things, that his master's wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said,Lie with me.

8: But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;

9: There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee,because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?

10: And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her.

11: And it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the housethere within.

12: And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out.

13: And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and was fled forth,

14: That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:

15: And it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled, and got himout.

16: And she laid up his garment by her, until his lord came home.

17: And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, which thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me:

18: And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled out.

19: And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath waskindled.

20: And Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison, a place where the king's prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison.

21: But the LORD was with Joseph, and showed him mercy, and gave him favor in the sight of the keeper of theprison.

22: And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.

23: The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand; because the LORD was with him, andthat which he did, the LORD made it to prosper.
Genesis 40

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